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Long-Term Care Hospital PPS

Guidance for the Medicare Prospective Payment System for long-term care hospitals.

Issued by: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)

Issue Date: April 27, 2018

Inpatient & Long-Term Care Hospitals: FY 2025 Final Rule

CMS issued the FY 2025 Hospital Inpatient Prospective Payment System and Long-Term Care Hospital Prospective Payment System final rule to update Medicare payment policies and rates. 

See a summary of key provisions.


The Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP [State Children's Health Insurance Program] Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999 (BBRA) (Pub. L. 106-113) and the Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Benefits Improvement and Protection Act of 2000 (BIPA) (Pub. L. 106-554) provide for payment for both the operating and capital-related costs of hospital inpatient stays in long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) under Medicare Part A based on prospectively set rates. The Medicare prospective payment system (PPS) for LTCHs applies to hospitals described in section 1886(d)(1)(B)(iv) of the Social Security Act (the Act), effective for cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 2002. Section 1886(d)(1)(B)(iv)(I) of the Act defines a LTCH as "a hospital which has an average inpatient length of stay (as determined by the Secretary of Health and Human Services (the Secretary)) of greater than 25 days.” Section 114(e) of the Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Extension Act of 2007 (MMSEA) added section 1886(m) of the Act, and codified the provisions of the BBA and BIPA in paragraph (1) of that subsection.

Section 1886(d)(1)(B)(iv)(II) of the Act had provided an alternative definition of LTCHs. However, with the changes required by section 15008 of the 21st Century Cures Act (Pub. L 114-255), hospitals meeting this alternative definition were, effective January 1, 2015, redesignated as a separate category of inpatient PPS-excluded hospitals at section 1886(d)(1)(b)(vi) of the Act, referred to as “Extended Neoplastic Disease Care Hospitals.” As such, hospitals now classified as Extended Neoplastic Disease Care Hospitals (including provider 33-2006) are no longer LTCHs and are no longer paid under the LTCH PPS at section 1886(m) of the Act.  

Section 123 of the BBRA requires the PPS for LTCHs to be a per discharge system with a diagnosis-related group (DRG) based patient classification system that reflects the differences in patient resources and costs in LTCHs while maintaining budget neutrality. Section 307(b)(1) of BIPA, among other things, mandates that the Secretary shall examine, and may provide for, adjustments to payments under the LTCH PPS, including adjustments to DRG weights, area wage adjustments, geographic reclassification, outliers, updates, and a disproportionate share adjustment. 

Quality Reporting Program for LTCHs

Section 3004 of the Affordable Care Act directs the Secretary to establish quality reporting requirements for long-term care hospitals (LTCHs), inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs), and Hospice Programs. Go to the Quality Reporting Programs for LTCHs, IRFs, and Hospices page for more information.

Hospital Center

For a one-stop resource web page focused on the informational needs and interests of Medicare Fee-for-Service (FFS) hospitals, go to the Hospital Center.
 

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DISCLAIMER: The contents of this database lack the force and effect of law, except as authorized by law (including Medicare Advantage Rate Announcements and Advance Notices) or as specifically incorporated into a contract. The Department may not cite, use, or rely on any guidance that is not posted on the guidance repository, except to establish historical facts.