Whooping cough is caused by a kind of bacteria. It's named for the “whoop” sound people can make when gasping for air after coughing fits.source: 1 Babies who get whooping cough can have dangerous complications, like pneumonia (lung infection), convulsions (uncontrolled shaking), encephalopathy (brain disease), and death.source: 2
Being vaccinated is the best way to prevent whooping cough. Two vaccines include protection against whooping cough. The DTaP vaccine helps protect young kids from diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough. The Tdap vaccine helps protect preteens, teens, and adults, including pregnant women, from tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough.source: 3 Talk to your child's doctor to find out which is the best vaccine for your child.
Why does my child need to be vaccinated against whooping cough?
Whooping cough is a respiratory illness that spreads easily from person to person. It usually starts off like a cold. People who have whooping cough may not know it and may be spreading it. Whooping cough can be deadly, especially for young babies.source: 3
One in 3 babies younger than 1 year old with whooping cough need to be hospitalized. And about 1 in 100 babies who are hospitalized will die.source: 1 That's why it's especially important for pregnant women to get vaccinated and for babies to get their vaccines on time. Getting vaccinated while pregnant passes protection to the baby. This helps protect the baby before they’re old enough to get their own DTaP vaccine. It's also important for people who spend time with babies to be up to date on vaccines that protect against whooping cough. If your child is too young to be vaccinated or has not completed the series, then make sure everyone around them is up to date to help form a circle of protection around the baby.source: 4
How safe are the vaccines?
DTaP and Tdap vaccines are safe and have been used for over 30 (DTaP) and nearly 20 (Tdap) years to protect millions of children around the world.source: 2 More information about DTaP and Tdap vaccine safety can be found at the CDC website.
Like any medicine, there's a small chance that whooping cough vaccines could cause serious reactions. However, getting a vaccine that prevents whooping cough is much safer than getting whooping cough.source: 5,source: 6
How effective are the vaccines?
The DTaP vaccine is 98% effective in the first year after receipt and Tdap is 70% effective in the first year, but immunity does decrease over time.source: 7 Thanks to most kids getting vaccinated, cases of the disease have decreased by more than 75%. Before the vaccines were recommended for all babies, more than 10,000 children died from whooping cough some years in the United States.source: 2 Today, because of vaccines, fewer than 20 children die from whooping cough each year in the United States.source: 7
What are the vaccines’ side effects?
Most kids don't have side effects from the vaccines, but your child might experience mild side effects that usually go away in a few days. They may include soreness, swelling, or redness where the vaccine was given; low fever and chills; feeling tired; throwing up; not feeling hungry; or fussing.source: 5,source: 8
Rare side effects from the DTaP vaccine can include seizures (sudden, unusual movements or behavior) from having a high fever (about 1 child in 14,000).source: 6 Seizures related to high fevers (called “febrile seizures”) can be scary but are usually harmless. Other rare side effects include persistent crying for 3 hours or more (up to about 1 child in 1,000) and fever higher than 105°F (about 1 child in 16,000).source: 6
Understanding the Risks
Getting Whopping Cough vs. Getting Vaccinated
Whopping Cough
Vaccines to Prevent Whopping Cough
Common: Mild to Moderate Symptoms or Side Effects
Symptoms can include:
- Cough
- Low-grade fever
- Runny nose
- Long-lasting coughing fits followed by a high-pitched “whoop”
- Vomiting after coughing fits
- Apnea (a pause in breathing)
- Cyanosis (turning blue or purple)
Side effects are mild and last 1–3 days:
- Soreness, redness, or swelling where the vaccine was given
- Low-grade fever
- Being fussy
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or stomachache
- Headache
Rare: More Serious Symptoms, Complications or Side Effects
- Serious and uncontrollable coughing
- Pneumonia
- Convulsions
- Vomiting with increased risk of choking
- Young infants may stop breathing
- Broken ribs
- Encephalopathy (brain disease)
- Death
- High fever
- Crying for 3+ hours
- Very small risk of seizures caused by fever if DTaP vaccine is given at the same time as another vaccine
- Severe allergic reaction (generally, for every 1 million vaccines administered in the United States, only about 1–2 doses result in a severe allergic reaction)
Knowing that my child is protected against deadly diseases gives me peace and comfort.
When does my child need the vaccines?
Young kids need five doses of the vaccine from 2 months through 6 years of age. The DTaP vaccine may be given at the same time as other vaccines.source: 2
Older kids need one booster shot of the Tdap vaccine at age 11 or 12 as part of their routine vaccine schedule. The Tdap vaccine may be given at the same time as other vaccines. If your child misses the booster shot, then talk with their doctor about catching up.source: 2
- First Dose
-
2 months
- Second Dose
-
4 months
- Third Dose
-
6 months
- Fourth Dose
-
Between 15–18 months
- Fifth Dose
-
Between 4–6 years of age
More information
- Learn more about vaccine safety.
- Learn what other vaccines might be given at the same time as the DTaP and Tdap vaccines.
You can also visit these sites:
- American Academy of Pediatrics: Tdap Vaccine: What You Need to Know
- Immunize.org: Whooping Cough (Pertussis)
- National Foundation for Infectious Diseases: Stories of Families Affected by Whooping Cough
- CDC: About Whooping Cough
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia: A Look at Each Vaccine: Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis Vaccines
Sources
- CDC: Symptoms of Whooping Cough
- CDC: Pink Book: Pertussis
- CDC: Whooping Cough Vaccination
- CDC: Vaccines for Family and Caregivers
- CDC: Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis Vaccine Safety
- HHS: Whooping Cough (Pertussis)
- CDC: About Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis Vaccines
- FDA: Vaccines Protect Children From Harmful Infectious Diseases
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